Many footballers earn less than the average British salary, are often paid late, are bullied in the workplace and have little job security, the world's largest survey of professional athletes has found.
The survey, conducted by Manchester University on behalf of the International Federation of Professional Footballers (FIFPro), gathered evidence from almost 14,000 players from 87 leagues in 54 countries but not England, Germany or Spain.
The Professional Footballers' Association chose not to participate in the survey, but its Irish and Scottish equivalents did.
The absence of the three biggest and most lucrative markets clearly has an impact on the overall findings, but even so the findings of the Global Employment Report 2016 are surprising.
Nearly half of male professionals who replied earn less than £810 a month, while three-quarters earn less than £3,200 a month, which equates to annual wage of just under £39,000.
With the average wage in Britain widely reported to be over £27,000, the report's authors say it "debunks the myth that players enjoy a highly privileged lifestyle."
The report also reveals that four in 10 players experience late payment of wages, three in 10 are transferred to clubs against their will and one in five have been forced to train alone as a punishment or attempt to force a move.
One in six say they have been harassed by their clubs.
One in 14 players -- effectively a player per team in every match -- have been approached by match-fixers during their careers, with a strong correlation between this and late payment. Half of those approached by fixers have also had to wait for wages.
FIFPro general secretary Theo Van Seggelen said: "This report, for the first time, provides a detailed and accurate picture of what the average professional player experiences.
"We now have an evidence base for the reforms that are needed in the football industry. Overdue payables, forced transfers and training alone -- all this must be a thing of the past.
"We need to build a package of measures with all stakeholders. Clubs, leagues, confederations and FIFA must accept those failures of our industry.
"We need to guarantee minimum employment standards for all players and clubs in all countries, reform the international regulations and think about the economic future of football."